Just from my personal experiences when I do growling vs. screaming, the techniques for me are worlds different. By simply just trying to scream lower you limit your growl. Growls put a slight less strain on your vocals (for most) so you have a little more experimentation room to develop your tone.
When I growl, I try to bring it in from either my stomach, or the top of my throat. When I bring the force from my stomach, I get those slightly higher pitches, which lend it a more instrument like quality, in the sense that articulation of syllables is more easy. When I let the force come mostly from my upper esophagus, the pitch is much lower, there is less articulation room when it comes to discerning syllables in words, but the force is much higher.
Its like going from playing a melodic lead on your G and B strings, to repeating it on your E and A strings - the atmosphere is completely different, the feel is changed, even though the 'melody' remains the same.
Also, after enough practice - I find that growling is almost entirely pain free. It used to hurt, but once you develop a solid technique for you, it should be fairly easy (I find)
However, growling and screaming is completely different from clean singing - there are hardly any set rules to follow to help you train your voice, its almost all experimentation and finding your own voice, so these are merely insights into what worked for me, they might not be what does it for you.
Practice, and time, will reveal it.
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