In case your guitar has a floating bridge (vintage style or floyd).
When you change string gauge the string tension will rise or lower. Before adjusting the truss rod or rise/lower the bridge, i would first adjust the spring tension of the bridge which works against the string tension. Usually the bridge floating angle will change with different string gauge, which is the main reason of intonation problems on higher fret areas. The bridge should float a kind of parallel to the body. Once this is adjusted and your guitar stays in tune then i would rise/lower the bridge to adjust the string action to your liking. IMO the truss rod needs adjustment if you can not get rid of fret-buzz in conjunction with very low string action or if you changed string gauge which is way different from the previous set. Truss rod adjustments are done in very small steps, 1/2 turn steps or something like that, give the wood some time
I agree with Darius, don't be afraid to mess around with the settings, you can hardly break anything. You will only learn more about your guitar.
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